[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fvQf3MP07usRh4dKv7JrjDlJANw3REbQoAGtsx5-yO3E":3},{"answer":4,"createTime":5,"id":6,"options":7,"origin":12,"question":19,"related":20,"source":30,"type":31},[],"2024-04-06 21:13:56",137088476,[8,9,10,11],"Silk is a textile woven by the silkworm","Silk was reserved for the usage of the Chinese emperor and his family","The production of silk was kept a secret within China for some 3,000 years","Outstanding silk products include brocade, gauze and embroidered silk drapes",{"count":13,"courseId":14,"courseImg":15,"courseName":16,"workId":17,"workName":18},10,"a2bc84d499734ffab02e1403867c7324","https:\u002F\u002Ftihai-oss-cloud.itihey.com\u002Fimg\u002Fede91a662f5924579074996318b9a3b6.jpg","学科英语(大学英语-4)-2022级","work_33773166","分级阅读4-U6-Civilization","What does the author say about silk in the second paragraph",[21,32,41,50,59,68,77,80,89,98],{"answer":22,"createTime":5,"id":23,"options":24,"question":29,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088470,[25,26,27,28],"Most of the gladiators were successful and seen as movie stars","Successful gladiators enjoyed so much fame that free men wanted to take their chances","Successful gladiators were brutal but popular","Gladiators represent the dark side of Roman civilization","Section B Reading in Depth Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Gladiators Successful gladiators (角斗士) were the movie stars of the first century—so famous that free men queued to take their chances in the arena. Bloody, brutal but popular, gladiatorial contests are often seen as the dark side of Roman civilization. Given they belonged to such a civilized and sophisticated society, the Romans' deep attraction to extreme violence remains surprising and strange. Historians have struggled to 98 大学英语分级阅读实训教程 4 explain how a country that civilized so much of the world could be so keen on watching men and women fight to the death. Ritualized, public violence had been a favorite entertainment of the Romans for centuries. The practice began as an ancient funeral ritual: when a tribal chief died, his warriors would make a blood sacrifice to his spirit by fighting to the death by his tomb. This ritual was adapted over time. The noble people began to put on gladiatorial exhibitions in memory of the dead and by the time Julius Caesar (尤利乌斯·恺撒) was in charge, these exhibitions had become public spectacles. The games took place in amphitheaters (圆形露天剧场). Gladiators would be sent to the arena (竞技场)—named after the sand which covered the ground and soaked up the blood—to fight to the death before cheering crowds of thousands. As the contests became more organized, gladiators became more specialized. There were five types of gladiator, each with their own unique weapons. The games were so popular that successful gladiators could become extremely rich and very famous. As a result, while most gladiators were condemned criminals, slaves or prisoners of war, some were freedmen who chose to fight, either as a way to achieve fame and fortune, or simply because they enjoyed it. Naturally, it was a dangerous career with a high turnover. The few lucky ones would survive years in the arena and retire. Some would then become instructors at gladiator training schools, controlled by the state so that they couldn't be used to train private armies. Gladiatorial contests were definitely mass entertainment and, over time, some of the upper classes began to get fed up with their brutality. In a letter to a friend, the philosopher Seneca criticized popular enthusiasm for gladiators and advised his friends and acquaintances not to attend. Despite Seneca's disapproval, the popularity of the games continued and, along with chariot races (战车比赛), would form the backbone of public entertainment for centuries to come. New Words 1. civilization: n. the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time e.g. Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of civilization. 2. sacrifice: n. the act of killing an animal or person and offering them to a god or gods e.g. They made sacrifices to ensure a good harvest. 3. specialized: adj. trained, designed, or developed for a particular purpose, type of work, place etc. e.g. Some of the language in the report is so specialized that the ordinary reader will struggle to understand it. Phrases and Expressions 1. be keen on 热衷于;渴望 2. get fed up with 厌烦;厌倦 What does the author say about the gladiators of the first century","v1",0,{"answer":33,"createTime":5,"id":34,"options":35,"question":40,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088471,[36,37,38,39],"advanced","worldly","experienced","subtle","What does the word "sophisticated" mean in "Given they belonged to such a civilized and sophisticated society…" (Line 1, Para. 2)",{"answer":42,"createTime":5,"id":43,"options":44,"question":49,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088472,[45,46,47,48],"Condemned criminals","Slaves or prisoners of war","Freedmen who chose to fight","All of the above","According to the author, who could be gladiators",{"answer":51,"createTime":5,"id":52,"options":53,"question":58,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088473,[54,55,56,57],"The career was dangerous but some gladiators could earn a lot of money","A few gladiators would be lucky enough to survive and retire","Some gladiators would become instructors for private armies","Some gladiators would become instructors at gladiator training schools","Which of the following statements is NOT true about the gladiators' career",{"answer":60,"createTime":5,"id":61,"options":62,"question":67,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088474,[63,64,65,66],"Over time, the upper class would not attend the gladiatorial contests due to their brutality","Gladiatorial contests continued to be popular though some people got bored with them","Due to Seneca's criticism, gladiatorial contests gradually lost its appeal to the public","Gladiatorial contests would become the only backbone of public entertainment","What can be inferred from the last paragraph",{"answer":69,"createTime":5,"id":70,"options":71,"question":76,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088475,[72,73,74,75],"routes across land","routes along which silk products were exchanged","routes to trade with neighbouring countries","routes for the exchange of silk and many other goods","Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. The Silk Roads Human beings have always moved from place to place and traded with their neighbors, exchanging goods, skills and ideas. Throughout history, Eurasia (欧亚大陆) was crisscrossed (纵横交错的) with communication routes and paths of trade, which gradually linked up to form what are known today as the Silk Roads; routes across both land and sea, along which silk and many other goods were exchanged between people from across the world. Silk is a textile of ancient Chinese origin, woven from the protein fibre produced by the silkworm to make its cocoon (蚕茧), and was developed, according to Chinese tradition, sometime around the year 2700 BC. Regarded as an extremely high value product, it was reserved for the exclusive usage of the Chinese imperial court for the making of cloths, drapes, banners, and other items of prestige. Its production was kept a fiercely guarded secret within China for some 3,000 years, with imperial decrees sentencing to death anyone who revealed to a foreigner the process of its production. Tombs in the Hubei province dating from the 4th and 3rd centuries BC contain outstanding examples of silk work, including brocade (锦缎), gauze (薄纱) and embroidered silk, and the first complete silk garments. The Chinese monopoly on silk production, however, did not mean that the product was restricted to the Chinese Empire—on the contrary, silk was used as a diplomatic gift, and was also traded extensively, first of all with China's immediate neighbors, and subsequently faraway countries, becoming one of China's chief exports under the Han dynasty (206 BC—220 AD). Indeed, Chinese cloths from this period have been found in Egypt, northern Mongolia, and elsewhere. At some point during the 1st century BC, silk was introduced to the Roman Empire, where it was considered an exotic luxury and became extremely popular, with imperial edicts (法令) being issued to control prices. Its popularity continued throughout the Middle Ages, with detailed Byzantine regulations for the manufacture of silk clothes, illustrating its importance as a royal fabric and an important source of revenue for the crown. Additionally, the needs of the Byzantine Church for silk garments and hangings were substantial. This luxury item was thus one of the early impetuses in the development of trading routes from Europe to the Far East. Knowledge about silk production was very valuable and, despite the efforts of the Chinese emperor to keep it a closely guarded secret, it did eventually spread beyond China, first to India and Japan, then to the Persian Empire and finally to the west in the 6th century AD. This was described by the historian Procopius in his writings in the 6th century. New Words 1. exclusive: adj. limited to only one person or group of people e.g. This room is for the exclusive use of guests. 2. monopoly: n. (an organization or group that has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share e.g. For years Bell Telephone had a monopoly on telephone services in the United States. 3. revenue: n. the income that a government or company receives regularly e.g. They need to restructure the tax system to collect more revenue. Phrases and Expressions 1. be crisscrossed with 纵横交错 2. imperial court 朝廷,宫廷 According to the first paragraph, the Silk Roads are _______________",{"answer":78,"createTime":5,"id":6,"options":79,"question":19,"source":30,"type":31},[],[8,9,10,11],{"answer":81,"createTime":5,"id":82,"options":83,"question":88,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088477,[84,85,86,87],"Silk was restricted to the Chinese Empire","Silk was used as a diplomatic gift","Silk could be traded with China's neighbouring countries","Silk became one of China's chief exports under the Han dynasty","Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Chinese monopoly on silk production",{"answer":90,"createTime":5,"id":91,"options":92,"question":97,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088478,[93,94,95,96],"symbols","products","incentives","exports","What does the word "impetuses" mean in "This luxury item was thus one of the early impetuses in the development of trading routes…" (Line 7, Para. 4)",{"answer":99,"createTime":5,"id":100,"options":101,"question":106,"source":30,"type":31},[],137088479,[102,103,104,105],"The Japanese people acquired knowledge of silk production from the Indians","The Chinese emperor failed to keep silk production a secret","Silk production came to the Persian Empire in the 6th century AD","Knowledge about silk production was not valuable after the 6th century AD","What does the author say about silk production in the last paragraph"]