[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fhe8G2wsbIsXqOhEGIk4baTDo4qZ-vaGVVqNQZkmWdBo":3},{"answer":4,"createTime":5,"id":6,"options":7,"origin":12,"question":19,"related":20,"source":24,"type":25},[],"2026-04-14 21:32:11",340545109,[8,9,10,11],"lexicon","phonology","context","syntax",{"count":13,"courseId":14,"courseImg":15,"courseName":16,"workId":17,"workName":18},15,"53e1d2ef4961cca8eea3e23969ad2cb9","https:\u002F\u002Ftihai-oss-cloud.itihey.com\u002Fimg\u002F03a579384a6dc297c89809b582fcc767.png","默认课程","a282a3eb217747a89e3c10aa1bd38ff4","测验","Pragmatics is defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. It is also regarded as a kind of meaning study because communication essentially involves conveying and understanding meaning in a certain ______",[21,26,35,43,52,61,70,79,88,97],{"answer":22,"createTime":5,"id":6,"options":23,"question":19,"source":24,"type":25},[],[8,9,10,11],"v1",0,{"answer":27,"createTime":5,"id":28,"options":29,"question":34,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545110,[30,31,32,33],"context-dependent","self-contained, intrinsic","socially-constructed","dynamic and evolving","The traditional linguistic study, influenced by Saussure's Course in General Linguistics, typically viewed language as a ______ system, and therefore, extra-linguistic factors were not considered",{"answer":36,"createTime":5,"id":37,"options":38,"question":42,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545111,[39,40,10,41],"illocution","presupposition","semantics","The notion of ______, first noted by British linguist John Firth in the 1930s, is considered essential to the pragmatic study of language",{"answer":44,"createTime":5,"id":45,"options":46,"question":51,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545112,[47,48,49,50],"grammatical and inherent","literal and universal","concrete and context-dependent","objective and verifiable","While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an utterance is ______",{"answer":53,"createTime":5,"id":54,"options":55,"question":60,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545113,[56,57,58,59],"performatives","constatives","directives","commissives","According to Austin's initial distinction, statements that either state or describe facts and are verifiable are called ______",{"answer":62,"createTime":5,"id":63,"options":64,"question":69,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545114,[65,66,67,68],"locutionary act","perlocutionary act","illocutionary act","representative act","In Austin's revised model, the act of expressing the speaker's intention, or the act performed in saying something, is known as the ______",{"answer":71,"createTime":5,"id":72,"options":73,"question":78,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545115,[74,75,76,77],"Representatives","Directives","Commissives","Expressives","Which of Searle's classifications of speech acts is primarily concerned with committing the speaker to some future course of action",{"answer":80,"createTime":5,"id":81,"options":82,"question":87,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545116,[83,84,85,86],"making a statement","seeking information","rejecting the suggestion","offering an excuse","When Student Y responds to Student X's suggestion "Let's go to the movies tonight" with "I have to study for an exam," Student Y is performing an indirect speech act where the primary speech act is ______",{"answer":89,"createTime":5,"id":90,"options":91,"question":96,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545117,[92,93,94,95],"Quality","Relation","Manner","Quantity","Paul Grice's maxim of ______ states that one should "make your contribution as informative as required" and "do not make your contribution more informative than is required."",{"answer":98,"createTime":5,"id":99,"options":100,"question":105,"source":24,"type":25},[],340545118,[101,102,103,104],"constative","representative","performative","descriptive statement","When a speaker uses "I bet you sixpence it will rain tomorrow" to actually make a wager, this utterance functions as a ______"]