A. tan²(45°+φ/2)

B. 1-sinφ

C. cos²(φ+ε)/[cos²εcos(ε-δ)(1-√(sin(φ+β)sin(φ+δ)/[cos(ε-β)cos(ε-δ)])²]

D. cos²(φ-ε)/[cos²εcos(ε+δ)(1+√(sin(φ+β)sin(φ-δ)/[cos(ε-β)cos(ε+δ)])²]