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单选题 5. The main pattern of organization of the entire selection is
学科：EAP Reading Ⅰ
时间：2023-05-29 12:50:50
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题目1填空题
There is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child's language development than mothers, a new study suggests.Researchers 1____________ 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 2____________ all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.The scientists measured the 3____________ number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 4____________ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers 5____________ the children's speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother's level of education, the 6____________ of child care and the number of different words the father used.The researchers are 7____________ why the father's speech, and not the mother's, had an effect."It's well 8____________ that the mother's language does have an impact," said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 9____________ had a strong influence on their children's speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, "or it may be that mothers are 10____________ in a way we didn't measure in the study."A. alreadyB. analyzedC. aspectsD. charactersE. contributingF. describingG. establishedH. qualityI. quotedJ. recordingK. recruitedL. totalM.unconsciousN.unsureO. yet题目2Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter
A. 第一组数据 1、 A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds. 2、 Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it. 3、 Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor. 4、 Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated. 5、 The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated. 6、 Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy. 7、 Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor. 8、 For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor. 9、 Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences. 10、 Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floorB. 第二组数据 A、 When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done some work on this particular piece of wisdom. B、 While the "five-second rule" might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat. C、 So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold(门槛)that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is. D、 Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it's probably not a new one either A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know. E、 In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor Child put it back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the kitchen, who's going to see it?" But the misremembered story persists. It's harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five- second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor. F、 So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles(瓷砖)and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food. G、 But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours. H、 We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface--whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be. I、 We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were. J、 Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters(参数)to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor. K、 Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0. 1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low. L、 And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various "media", which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing(打喷嚏). Hands, foods and utensils(器皿)can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Becteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers(清洁剂)and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own. M、 So the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth. N、 Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean
题目3单选题
Task 1 SkimmingRead the title and the first sentence of each paragraph and decide which expression below best describe the main idea of the passageA. a story about a mysterious yellow handkerchiefB. a story about an escaped prisoner in a busC. a story about a soldier who comes back homeD. a story about a released prisoner welcomed by his family
题目4单选题
In the sentence below, the word fortifying means"Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con's mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment." (Paragraph E)A. strengtheningB. watchingC. hurryingD. losing
题目5单选题
2. In the sentence below, the word acquired means"Then it was ten miles, and then five and the bus acquired a dark hushed mood", (Paragraph E)A. neededB. took onC. stoppedD. lost
题目6单选题
3. The relationship between the two sentences below is one of"I told her that if she had a new guy, I understood. But if she didn't, if she would take me back, she should let me know." (Paragraph D)A. timeB. contrastC. comparisonD. illustration
题目7单选题
4. The transition words as, when, after, now, and then, which Hamill uses throughout this selection, all signalA. cause and effectB. examplesC. contrastD. time
题目8单选题
5. The main pattern of organization of the entire selection isA. cause and effectB. comparison and/or contrastC. list of items.DD. time order
题目9The Yellow RibbonA They were going to Fort Lauderdale, the girl remembered later. There were six of them, three boys and three girls, and they picked up the bus at the old terminal on 34th Street, carrying sandwiches and wine in paper bags, dreaming of golden beaches and the tides of the sea as the gray cold spring of New York vanished behind them. Vingo was on board from the beginning.B As the bus passed through Jersey and into Philly, they began to notice that Vingo never moved. He sat in front of the young people, his dusty face masking his age, dressed in a plain brown ill-fitting suit. His fingers were stained from cigarettes and he chewed the inside of his lip a lot, frozen into some personal cocoon of silence.C Somewhere outside of Washington, deep into the night, the bus pulled into a Howard Johnson's, and everybody got off except Vingo. He sat rooted in his seat, and the young people began to wonder about him, trying to imagine his life: Perhaps he was a sea captain, maybe he had run away from his wife, he could be an old soldier going home. When they went back to the bus, the girl sat beside him and introduced herself. "We're going to Florida," the girl said brightly. "You going that far?" "I don't know." Vingo said. "I've never been there," she said. "I hear it's beautiful." "It is," said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget. "You live there?" "I did some time there in the Navy. Jacksonville." "Want some wine?" she said. He smiled and took the bottle of Chianti and took a swig. He thanked her and retreated again into his silence. After a while, she went back to the others, as Vingo nodded in sleep.D In the morning they awoke outside another Howard Johnson's, and this time Vingo went in. The girl insisted that he join them. He seemed very shy and ordered black coffee and smoked nervously, as the young people chattered about sleeping on the beaches. When they went back on the bus, the girl sat with Vingo again, and after a while, slowly and painfully and with great hesitation, he began to tell his story. He had been in jail in New York for the last four years, and now he was going home. "Four years!" the girl said. "What did you do?" "It doesn't matter," he said with quiet bluntness. "I did it and I went to jail. If you can't do the time, don't do the crime. That's what they say and they're right." "Are you married?" "I don't know." "You don't know?" she said. "Well, when I was in the can I wrote to my wife," he said. "I told her, I said, Martha, I understand if you can't stay married to me. I told her that. I said I was gonna be away a long time, and that if she couldn't stand it, if the kids kept askin' questions, if it hurt her too much, well, she could just forget me. Get a new guy—she's a wonderful woman, really something—and forget about me. I told her she didn't have to write me or nothing. And she didn't. Not for three and a half years." "And you're going home now, not knowing?" "Yeah," he said shyly. "Well, last week, when I was sure the parole was coming through I wrote her. I told her that if she had a new guy, I understood. But if she didn't, if she would take me back, she should let me know. We used to live in this town, Brunswick, just before Jacksonville, and there's a great big oak tree just as you come into town, a very famous tree, huge. I told her if she would take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and I would get off and come home. If she didn't want me, forget it, no handkerchief, and I'd keep going on through." "Wow," the girl said. "Wow." E She told the others, and soon all of them were in it, caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children, the woman handsome in a plain way, the children still unformed in a cracked, much-handled snapshot. Now they were twenty miles from Brunswick and the young people took over window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con's mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment. Then it was ten miles, and then five and the bus acquired a dark hushed mood, full of silence, of absence, of lost years, of the woman's plain face, of the sudden letter on the breakfast table, of the wonder of children, of the iron bars of solitude.F Then suddenly all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, shaking clenched fists in triumph and exaltation. All except Vingo.G Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs, twenty of them, thirty of them, maybe hundreds, a tree that stood like a banner of welcome blowing and billowing in the wind, turned into a gorgeous yellow blur by the passing bus. As the young people shouted, the old con slowly rose from his seat, holding himself tightly, and made his way to the front of the bus to go home
题目10Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter
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